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The Lieberman Family

Sena, Slovakia · Mad, Hungary · Balassagyarmat · Preserving Our Story

זְכֹר יְמוֹת עוֹלָם בִּינוּ שְׁנוֹת דֹּר וָדֹר

"Remember the days of old; consider the years of generation after generation."

— Devarim 32:7

A living record of the Lieberman family — our stories, our ancestors, our documents, and our photographs, gathered here for generations to come.

Family Stories

The Origins: Shimon Lieberman of Sena

The earliest known ancestor of our family, Reb Shimon Lieberman, lived in Sena, Slovakia. His son Yitzchok Yehuda was also of Sena, before the family moved to Mad, Hungary — the town that would become central to our family's identity and its connection to the world of Torah leadership.

Reb Shimon Lieberman of Mad — Son-in-Law of Rav Meir Avraham, the Pri Tzaddik

Reb Shimon Lieberman of Mad, Hungary was the son-in-law of the holy Rav Meir Avraham, author of the Pri Tzaddik — one of the towering figures of Hungarian Chassidus.

Rav Meir Avraham studied under the holy Chozeh (Seer) of Lublin for a year and a half, rising to the highest levels among his select disciples. It was the Chozeh himself who sent him to Hungary to spread the ways of Chassidus. He also drew his Torah from Reb Shmuel HaLevi Kolin, author of the Machatzis HaShekel, and according to some accounts merited to stand in the presence of the Gaon of Vilna.

He was appointed Av Beis Din of Csaba (Tshabe) in 1809, serving for twenty years. The Yismach Moshe wrote a remarkable haskama in his praise, repeatedly using the title "Tzaddik" — which the Satmar Rebbe later noted was extraordinarily rare. The Be'er Shmuel of Aonsdorf declared him to be "an angel in human form." The Chasam Sofer and the Yismach Moshe both gave approbations to his posthumously published sefer, Pri Tzaddik, containing chiddushim on Shas.

He was known for extreme piety — at one point eating nothing of animal origin and living secretly in a cave outside the city, learning day and night, unwilling to be publicly known as a miracle-worker. He passed away in 5589 (1829).

Remarkably, the new edition of the Pri Tzaddik cites R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman — our direct ancestor — by name in its biography of the author (footnote 24), as a primary source and transmitter of traditions about the Pri Tzaddik's life. Our family thus appears in the very sefer of the Pri Tzaddik himself.

Malka Lieberman — Daughter of the Pri Tzaddik, Wife of Reb Shimon of Mad

Malka was the daughter of Rav Meir Avraham, the Pri Tzaddik, and wife of our ancestor Reb Shimon Lieberman of Mad. Through her, the Lieberman family became directly connected by blood to one of the towering figures of Hungarian Chassidus.

Her matzeivah — a beautifully carved gravestone with a radiating sunburst motif — survives to this day in Sátoraljaújhely, the famous Hungarian city that was home to the Yismach Moshe (Reb Moshe Teitelbaum), and one of the great centers of Hungarian Torah life. The inscription identifies her as הרבנית הצרקיה — "the Rabbinic, righteous woman." Her kever has been photographed and is preserved in this family record.

That her matzeivah still stands is itself remarkable — a tangible, physical connection between our living family and the Pri Tzaddik himself.

See her matzeivah in the photos section →
Sources: Photograph of matzeivah, Sátoraljaújhely, Hungary (family archive) · Reb Boruch Lieberman v'Tzetzaav · Pri Tzaddik — Toldot HaMechaber

Balassagyarmat, in Nógrád County in northern Hungary near the Slovak border, is home to one of the oldest Jewish communities in Hungary — nearly 600 years old. Jews first settled in the town toward the end of the 17th century; by 1778 there were 47 families, and the community reached a peak in 1920 with 2,401 Jews, over 21% of the total population.

Among the last in the whole country, the yeshiva of Balassagyarmat continued to function, as did the matzah bakery, the kosher butcher, and the mikveh — right up until the German occupation in March 1944. The community had its own independent council, led by the rabbi, consisting of prosecutors, judges (dayanim), and councillors, with authority over the legal and home affairs of Jewish citizens.

The community was organized as Orthodox in 1868. Among the rabbis who served were Mordecai and Ezekiel Banet, and successive members of the Deutsch family — Aaron David, Joseph Israel, and David — from 1851 to 1944. Rabbi Áron Dávid Deutsch was one of the three Orthodox envoys who had an audience at the court of Emperor and King Franz Joseph.

In 1849, 39% of the town's population called themselves Jewish. More than 2,000 people were deported from this town during World War II. The Jews were deported to Auschwitz in two transports that left on June 12 and June 14, 1944. The Germans used the synagogue as a munitions depot and destroyed it before their departure.

The Orthodox cemetery contains more than 3,400 tombstones, some from the 18th century. It was named a national historic monument in 1993 — the first Jewish cemetery in Hungary to receive this honor after the fall of Communism. Our ancestor Reb Boruch Lieberman and his descendants were part of this ancient kehilla.

Visit the Balassagyarmat Jewish Community website →
Sources: Balassagyarmat Jewish Community — Official Website · Encyclopaedia Judaica, "Balassagyarmat"

Reb Boruch Lieberman of Balassagyarmat

Son of Reb Shimon of Mad, Reb Boruch Lieberman settled in Balassagyarmat, northern Hungary. He married twice and raised a large family of children, of whom Reb Ahron Mordechai is our direct ancestor. Reb Boruch passed away on 22 Nissan and is buried in Balassagyarmat.

Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman זצ"ל הי"ד — Av Beis Din of Kiskunfélegyháza

Among the uniquely gifted rabbonim of prewar Czechoslovakia and Hungary was Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman — an individual whose greatness in Torah was matched by his broad vision and deep sense of communal responsibility. He was known for his boundless energy in advancing the needs of the tzibur, and wherever he went, he commanded admiration and respect — not only for his learning, but for his noble character and ability to lead with both firmness and sensitivity.

Origins & Youth. Born in 5647 (1887) in Balassagyarmat into a family steeped in rabbinic lineage, his father Reb Boruch Lieberman served as Av Beis Din of the community and had been the assistant rabbi to Reb Ahron Dovid Deutsch, baal mechaber Goren Dovid, a talmid muvhak of the Chasam Sofer. Through his paternal line, Reb Ahron Mordechai traced his ancestry to Reb Meir Avraham Klein, Av Beis Din of Tsheba (the Pri Tzaddik). His grandfather was rav in Shenya — a position the Lieberman family held for over one hundred years.

The Be'er Shmuel's Yeshiva. Reb Ahron Mordechai set out to learn at the yeshiva of the gaon and kadosh, Reb Shmuel Rosenberg, Av Beis Din of Unsdorf, baal mechaber Be'er Shmuel. In the Be'er Shmuel's home, young Ahron Mordechai was welcomed with extraordinary warmth — his rebbi saw in him a pure and noble soul and invited him to live in his own home, a privilege rarely granted to any talmid. This closeness was deepened by a personal connection: the Be'er Shmuel's Rebbetzin, like Reb Ahron Mordechai, was a descendant of the Pri Tzaddik — linking them as einiklach of the same spiritual legacy.

Marriage. At eighteen, he married Rebbetzin Frumit, daughter of Rabbi Yaakov Beilush, Av Beis Din of Yanashi (Kántorjánosi), a talmid and hoiz bochur of Reb Yehudah Assad and son-in-law of the tzaddik Reb Naftali Hertzke of Ratzfert. The shidduch was arranged by Reb Hershel Liska, baal mechaber Ach Pri Tevuah. He received semicha from the Be'er Shmuel and from Reb Eliezer Dovid Greenwald, Av Beis Din of Satmar, baal mechaber Keren LeDovid.

Bilke. Around 1915, Reb Ahron Mordechai arrived in Bilke, founded a large yeshiva whose graduates went on to the elite yeshivos of Slovakia, and became a towering communal figure. He successfully brought the Joint Distribution Committee to extend aid to the devastated Jewish communities of Carpatho-Rus after WWI — an American automobile bearing the Joint's insignia arriving at his door in Bilke became a moment of historic hope for the entire region. He rose to serve as President of the Lishkas HaYire'im, the Orthodox Bureau headquartered in Ungvár, representing Orthodox communities across the region. He was a signatory on the famous public letter condemning the faction that broke from the Sigheter kehilla, alongside the leading Av Beis Dins of the region. He maintained a close personal friendship with Rabbi Yoel Teitelbaum zt"l.

Ricse. After departing Bilke in difficult circumstances, Reb Ahron Mordechai was appointed Chief Rabbi of Ricse and the Lower Bodrogköz Rabbinical District — succeeding Reb Shmuel Gross, who was the son-in-law of the holy Reb Shayale of Kerestir (R' Yeshaya Steiner, 1851–1925), one of the most beloved tzaddikim of Hungarian Chassidus. Ricse sits in the heart of the same Bodrogköz region as Kerestir, and at R' Ahron Mordechai's installation, almost all the chief rabbis of the Bodrogkeresztúr district gathered to receive him. The appointment came through the personal intervention of his first cousin Adolph Zukor, founder of Paramount Pictures — whose mother Chana was the sister of Reb Boruch Lieberman. Zukor funded a new seven-room residence and donated a magnificent new Sefer Torah. The inauguration in March 1927 was a major civic event, with flags, singing children, and government officials.

Kiskunfélegyháza. In 1928, Reb Ahron Mordechai was elected Chief Rabbi of Kiskunfélegyháza with an overwhelming majority, after the community had been without a permanent rav for over half a century. His installation ceremony on October 25, 1928 drew representatives of every major civic institution in the city. He founded the Tiferes Bachurim society, published widely on Orthodox youth policy, upheld the Chasam Sofer's principles on the primacy of Yiddish for drashos despite fierce opposition, and won a landmark defamation case that publicly vindicated his leadership.

Al Kiddush Hashem. On June 15, 1944, the deportation began. Gendarme commander Márton Zöldi launched a brutal public attack on Reb Ahron Mordechai — tearing out his beard and beating him viciously in full view of the crowd. That night, 983 Jews were forced into sealed cattle cars. Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman perished al kiddush Hashem together with his kehilla. His yahrzeit is י' תמוז. His wife Rebbetzin Frumit shared the same yahrzeit.

The new edition of the Pri Tzaddik cites Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman ztz"l by name (footnote 24, p. 33) as a transmitter of traditions about the Pri Tzaddik heard in the yeshiva of the Be'er Shmuel — completing the circle that began when Reb Shimon Lieberman of Mad married Malka, daughter of the Pri Tzaddik himself.

The Kerestirer Connection — Reb Shayale of Kerestir

When R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman was appointed Chief Rabbi of Ricse in 1927, he succeeded Reb Shmuel Gross — the son-in-law of the holy Reb Yeshaya Steiner of Kerestir (1851–1925), known universally as "Reb Shayale." One of the most beloved tzaddikim of Hungarian Chassidus, Reb Shayale was renowned for his extraordinary ahavas Yisrael, his open table for the poor, and his power of blessing. His kever in Bodrogkeresztúr draws tens of thousands of visitors each year on his yahrzeit, 21 Iyar.

Ricse sits in the heart of the same Bodrogköz region as Kerestir, and the connection between R' Ahron Mordechai and the Kerestirer's family through this rabbinic succession places our family within the warm spiritual orbit of that holy court. It was fitting that at R' Ahron Mordechai's installation in Ricse, almost all the chief rabbis of the Bodrogkeresztúr district — the very district of Kerestir — gathered to receive him.

Adolph Zukor — First Cousin & Founder of Paramount Pictures

Adolph Zukor, the legendary founder of Paramount Pictures and one of the founding fathers of Hollywood, was the first cousin of Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman. Zukor's mother Chana was the sister of Reb Boruch Lieberman — making Adolph and Reb Ahron Mordechai first cousins. Alongside their brother, the renowned Rabbi Nosson Lieberman (the Imrei Daas), the three siblings came from a distinguished rabbinic family. Following the early deaths of both his parents, young Adolph was raised in the home of Rabbi Nosson Lieberman, then the Rav of Ricse.

In 1927, Zukor returned to Ricse and personally arranged for Reb Ahron Mordechai to be appointed Chief Rabbi of Ricse and the Lower Bodrogköz Rabbinical District, covering his salary and donating $6,000 toward a new seven-room rabbinic residence. The inauguration on March 31, 1927 was a major civic celebration. That following Shavuos, Zukor donated a magnificent new Sefer Torah — completed and carried in a public procession through the entire town to the shul.

R' Naftali Herzka Lieberman — Son of R' Ahron Mordechai, Brooklyn NY

Born כ"א טבת תרס"ט (January 1909), R' Naftali Herzka Lieberman was a son of Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman, Av Beis Din of Kiskunfélegyháza. He survived the war and settled in Brooklyn, NY. He passed away כ"ה אלול תשנ"ח and is buried at Floral Park Cemetery in Deans, NJ, alongside his brother R' Moshe Shmuel. His matzeivah identifies him as בן מוהרר הגאון אהרן מרדכי זצ"ל אב"ד דקה"י פעלעדיהאז.

See his matzeivah in the photos section →
Sources: Matzeivah inscription, Floral Park Cemetery, Deans NJ (family photograph)

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"Each person is obligated to say: the world was created for my sake."
— Sanhedrin 37a

Family Tree

Family Geographic History

The towns and cities connected to the Lieberman family across Slovakia and Hungary — from their origins in Sena to the communities where they served as rabbis. Click any marker for details.

Key locations: Sena, Slovakia · Mád, Hungary · Sátoraljaújhely · Balassagyarmat · Huncovce/Unsdorf · Bodrogkeresztúr · Ricse · Kiskunfélegyháza
Earliest Known Ancestor
Shimon Lieberman
of Sena, Slovakia
2nd Generation
Yitzchok Yehuda Lieberman
of Sena, Slovakia
3rd Generation
Shimon Lieberman
of Mad, Hungary
Son-in-law of Rav Meir Avraham,
the Pri Tzaddik (d. 1829)
m.
Malka Lieberman
daughter of Rav Meir Avraham,
the Pri Tzaddik
Buried in Sátoraljaújhely, Hungary
4th Generation
Reb Boruch Lieberman
of Balassagyarmat (Hungary) · son of Shimon
Two marriages · 10 children
4th Generation · Children of Reb Boruch
R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman זצ"ל הי"ד
b. 5647 (1887), Balassagyarmat
m. Frumit bat R' Yaakov Beilush
Talmid of the Be'er Shmuel · Unsdorf
Rav of Bilke · Ricse · Kiskunfélegyháza
President, Orthodox Bureau · Ungvár
Murdered al kiddush Hashem · י' תמוז תש"ד
Gittel
sibling
Fromet Fessel
sibling
Giytzele
sibling
R' Shimon Lieberman
sibling · d. young
R' Shlomo Lieberman
sibling
R' Chaim Tzvi Lieberman
sibling · buried Jerusalem
R' Shalom Bunim Lieberman
sibling · Tel Aviv
R' Moshe Shmuel Lieberman
sibling
R' Yaakov Lieberman
sibling
Esther
sibling
5th Generation · Children of R' Ahron Mordechai & Rebbetzin Frumit
R' Naftali Herzka Lieberman
b. כ"א טבת תרס"ט (1909)
Brooklyn, NY
d. כ״ה אלול תשנ״ח
Buried: Floral Park Cemetery,
Deans, NJ
R' Shlomo Lieberman הי"ד
Murdered on way to Auschwitz
Rochel Leah הי"ד
m. Rav Yom Tov Lipa Weinberger
yahrzeit י' תמוז · 4 children
R' Chaim Tzvi Lieberman
Johannesburg, S. Africa
d. כ״א אב תשס״ג
Esther Lieberman הי"ד
Deported from Kiskunfélegyháza
yahrzeit י' תמוז
R' Shalom Bunim Lieberman
Tel Aviv
R' Moshe Shmuel Lieberman
Boro Patak
d. ג׳ סיון תשס״ו
Buried: Floral Park Cemetery,
Deans, NJ
R' Yaakov Lieberman
Modiin Ilit
6th Generation · Direct Line
R' Naftali Herzka Lieberman
b. כ"א טבת תרס"ט (1909) · Brooklyn, NY
d. כ״ה אלול תשנ״ח · Floral Park Cemetery, Deans NJ
7th Generation · Current
Moshe Ahron Mordechai Lieberman
son of Naftali Herzka
Flatbush, NY · Lakewood, NJ
d. ד' אדר תשפ"ו
Buried: Floral Park Cemetery,
Deans, NJ
m.
Rivkah Schonfeld
dau. of Moshe & Chana Schonfeld
8th Generation · Daughters & Sons-in-Law
Sarah Lieberman
m. Shmuel Zev Lubin
Dina Rochel Lieberman
m. Shmuel Moshe Rimmer
Chaya Esther Lieberman
m. Yehoshua Zev Gold
Chana Lieberman
m. Yosef Chaim Stefansky
Fayge Lieberman
m. Yosef Nosson Orzel

Based on the published genealogical record Reb Shimon Lieberman, son-in-law of the Pri Tzaddik. Nodes highlighted in gold indicate our direct line of descent. Gold-bordered nodes in the collateral generation are direct ancestors.

Photographs

Matzeivah of Malka Lieberman, Sátoraljaújhely
Matzeivah of Malka Lieberman, daughter of the Pri Tzaddik · Sátoraljaújhely, Hungary
Matzeivah of R' Naftali Herzka Lieberman
R' Naftali Herzka Lieberman · son of R' Ahron Mordechai · Floral Park Cemetery, Deans NJ · d. כ"ח אלול תשנ"ח
Matzeivah of R' Moshe Shmuel Lieberman
R' Moshe Shmuel Lieberman · son of R' Ahron Mordechai · Floral Park Cemetery, Deans NJ · d. ג' סיון תשס"ו
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Floral Park Cemetery — Deans, NJ

Burial place of three generations of the Lieberman family: R' Naftali Herzka Lieberman (d. כ"ה אלול תשנ"ח), R' Moshe Shmuel Lieberman (d. ג' סיון תשס"ו), and Moshe Ahron Mordechai Lieberman (d. ד' אדר תשפ"ו).

104 Deans Rhode Hall Rd, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852 · Open in Google Maps →

Document Archive

Balassagyarmat Jewish Community — Official Website

History of the Jewish community of Balassagyarmat, one of the oldest in Hungary (~600 years). Includes Holocaust remembrance records, the Orthodox cemetery catalogue of over 3,400 tombstones (named national historic monument 1993), and survivor testimonies. Our ancestors Reb Boruch Lieberman and R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman were members of this kehilla.

Balassagyarmat — Encyclopaedia Judaica Entry

Records the Jewish community of Balassagyarmat from its earliest settlement in the late 17th century through the Holocaust. Documents population figures, rabbinical succession, the Orthodox reorganization of 1868, and the deportations of June 12–14, 1944 to Auschwitz. Source: Encyclopaedia Judaica via Encyclopedia.com.

Encyclopaedia Judaica

Matzeivah of Malka Lieberman — Sátoraljaújhely, Hungary

Photograph of the surviving gravestone of Malka Lieberman, daughter of Rav Meir Avraham the Pri Tzaddik, and wife of Reb Shimon Lieberman of Mad. The stone features a carved sunburst motif and identifies her as הרבנית הצרקיה — "the Rabbinic, righteous woman." Buried in Sátoraljaújhely, the great Hungarian Torah city, home of the Yismach Moshe. This is a direct physical link between the Lieberman family and the Pri Tzaddik.

Sátoraljaújhely, Hungary
— Biography of the Author · R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman Cited

The new edition of the Pri Tzaddik by Rav Meir Avraham of Csaba contains a biography of the author (תולדות המחבר). In footnote 24 (p. 33), R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman ztz"l is cited by name as a primary source who transmitted eyewitness traditions about Rav Meir Avraham's life — heard in the yeshiva of the Av Beis Din of Aonsdorf. Our ancestor thus appears by name in the sefer of the Pri Tzaddik, whose family he descended from through Reb Shimon Lieberman of Mad. The sefer bears approbations from the Chasam Sofer and the Yismach Moshe.

New Edition · p. 33, fn. 24

Genealogical Record — Reb Shimon Lieberman, Son-in-Law of the Pri Tzaddik

A published genealogical document tracing the descendants of Reb Shimon Lieberman of Mad, Hungary. Source of much of the family tree data on this site, including the children of Reb Boruch of Balassagyarmat and the line down to R' Naftali Herzka Lieberman.

Primary Source

Sefer Be'er Shmuel — Rav Shmuel Rosenberg, Av Beis Din of Unsdorf

Responsa work authored by Rav Shmuel Rosenberg (1842–1919), the Av Beis Din of Huncovce (Unsdorf), disciple of the Ksav Sofer, and R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman's primary rebbi. Known as "a Rebbe of Rebbes," his yeshiva in Unsdorf produced generations of Torah leaders across Hungary and Slovakia. It was in this yeshiva that R' Ahron Mordechai heard and transmitted the oral traditions about the Pri Tzaddik recorded in the new edition of that sefer (fn. 24). The neighborhood of Kiryat Unsdorf in Jerusalem is named in his memory.

Unsdorf · 1842–1919

Biography of Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman זצ"ל הי"ד — Family Record

A comprehensive biography of Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman, Av Beis Din of Kiskunfélegyháza, compiled from primary sources including Hungarian press records, communal documents, survivor testimonies, and rabbinic literature. Covers his youth in Balassagyarmat, studies by the Be'er Shmuel of Unsdorf, rabbinate in Bilke, Ricse, and Kiskunfélegyháza, his role as President of the Orthodox Bureau in Ungvár, his relationship with Adolph Zukor, and his martyrdom on י' תמוז תש"ד.

Family Record

Marriage Certificate — Ármin Lieberman & Fáni Beilus · Kántorjánosi, 1905

Official Hungarian marriage certificate of Ármin Lieberman (son of Barnak Lieberman and Fani Gulienplan) and Fáni Beilus, married on March 15, 1905 in Kántorjánosi, Szatmár, Hungary. Primary civil record documenting the marriage of Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman and Rebbetzin Frumit.

March 15, 1905 · Kántorjánosi

Alei Zikaron — Issue 54 · The Ricse Entry

Alei Zikaron, issue 54, p. 72. The Ricse (ריצ'ע) entry records that on Kislev 5687, almost all the chief rabbis of the Bodrogkeresztúr district gathered in Ricse as R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman (Armin), rabbi of Bilke, was being installed as rabbi — noted also as successor to the chief rabbi of Verbőc, Reb Shmuel Gross, who was the son-in-law of the holy Reb Shayale of Kerestir (R' Yeshaya Steiner, 1851–1925), one of the most beloved tzaddikim of Hungarian Chassidus, whose kever in Bodrogkeresztúr draws tens of thousands of visitors each year. The installation ceremony was held in the synagogue courtyard with community leaders and regional government representatives present. (Source: Zsidó Újság, issue 14, 6 Nissan 5687, p. 5)

Alei Zikaron · Issue 54 · p. 72

History of the Jews in Carpathian Russia, pp. 160–170. Names R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman as a rabbinic official connected to Pressburg (Bratislava) within the Agudas HaKehillos — the autonomous Orthodox organization of Carpathian Jewry. Records his involvement in the organizational deliberations of 1932, conducted in the presence of the Minchas Elazar of Munkács and R' Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky of Chust. Published in Otzar HaChochma.

Otzar HaChochma · pp. 160–170

"A holokauszt Kiskunfélegyházán" — Kun Zsuzsanna

Academic article published in Belvedere journal (2005, Vol. XVII, No. 7–8) documenting the Jewish community of Kiskunfélegyháza and the Holocaust. Records the Jewish Council proposal listing Liebermann Ármin főrabbi (R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman), his beating by gendarmerie commander Zöldi Márton on the day of deportation (15 June 1944), and the fate of the 985 deportees sent to Auschwitz. Based on survivor testimonies and municipal archive records.

2005 · Belvedere Journal

Bács-Kiskun County Archive Records — Jewish Council Documents

Municipal administrative files of Kiskunfélegyháza (BKMÖL-Kf. V.175.b and VI.3), including the April–June 1944 records of Jewish Council formation, census of 352 Jewish families, ghetto regulations, and deportation orders. Liebermann Ármin főrabbi named in file 13000/1944.

April–June 1944

Yad Vashem Encyclopedia of the Ghettos — Kecskemét (Entry #974)

The Yad Vashem Ghettos Encyclopedia entry for Kecskemét documents the city's Jewish community (1,346 Jews in 1941), the establishment of its ghetto on 30 May 1944, and its role as the regional deportation center at the copper match factory. More than 5,400 Jews from multiple counties were held on the bare factory floor before deportation. Two transports to Auschwitz departed 25 and 27 June 1944. Before the second transport, approximately 70 people poisoned themselves — most died. The Kiskunfélegyháza Jews (including Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman הי"ד) passed through this facility.

Yad Vashem Encyclopedia of the Ghettos — Kiskunfélegyháza (Entry #945)

The Yad Vashem online Encyclopedia of the Ghettos During the Holocaust includes a dedicated entry for the Kiskunfélegyháza ghetto (entry #945), documenting its establishment, conditions, and the deportation of its Jewish population in 1944. The encyclopedia, edited by Guy Miron and published by Yad Vashem, covers over 1,100 ghettos across Nazi-occupied Europe and is the most authoritative scholarly reference on the subject.

Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora — Community Record E.422

Tel Aviv, Israel. Records the Kiskunfélegyháza Jewish community, confirms founding dates and deportation data: 985 Jews deported 25 June 1944 to Auschwitz; 90% gassed on arrival; 97 survivors returned.

Tel Aviv, Israel

Matzeivah (Gravestone) of Reb Boruch Lieberman — Balassagyarmat

The inscription on the gravestone of Reb Boruch Lieberman in Balassagyarmat (Hungary), recording his passing on 22 Nissan. Transcribed and preserved in the family genealogical record.

22 Nissan · Balassagyarmat

Matzeivah of R' Naftali Herzka Lieberman — Balassagyarmat

Gravestone of R' Naftali Herzka Lieberman, buried in Balassagyarmat. The inscription mentions his son R' Moshe Ahron Mordechai Lieberman. Transcribed in the family record.

24 Elul · Balassagyarmat

Sefer Girtza Dinukta — R' Shlomo Lieberman

A Torah work authored by R' Shlomo Lieberman, son of R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman, and brother of R' Naftali Herzka. A published sefer connecting our family to the world of Torah scholarship.

Feueldihaaz

Letter of Praise for R' Ahron Mordechai — Gaon of Münkacs

A letter of approbation written by the Gaon of Münkacs (Munkács) praising R' Ahron Mordechai Lieberman, who studied under him and received his ordination. Referenced in the published genealogical record.

c. 1890s

לזכר עולם יהיו

In Eternal Memory — The Holocaust

I
Before the War — 19 March 1944

The Community & German Occupation of Hungary

In the January 1941 census — the last national census before the German occupation — 975 Jews lived in Kiskunfélegyháza, approximately 2% of the population. Most were engaged in agricultural trade. The city had two Jewish communities — Neolog and Orthodox — each with its own elementary school; the Orthodox community also maintained a Talmud Torah. By the second week of April 1944, the Orthodox community numbered 517 souls and the Neolog community 459 souls.

Persecution began long before 1944. During the post-WWI "White Terror," one Jew from Kiskunfélegyháza was murdered and several wounded. In summer 1941, Hungarian authorities expelled several Jewish families who could not prove Hungarian citizenship to a German-occupied area of Ukraine — they were murdered at Kamenets-Podolsk on 27–28 August 1941. From 1942, many Jewish men were conscripted into forced labor battalions deployed on the Eastern Front in Ukraine, where most perished. On 8 May 1944, 304 Jewish men aged 16 and over were transferred to the detention camp at Sárvár.

On 19 March 1944, German forces occupied Hungary. The Sztójay quisling government was sworn in, and a cascade of anti-Jewish decrees followed. Jewish lawyers were disbarred — 11 from Kiskunfélegyháza alone on 5 April. From 5 April, every person classified as Jewish was required to wear a yellow star. Two women — Hoffmann Margit and Erlich Andorné Spitzer René — refused and were sentenced to 15 and 30 days' imprisonment. In April, all 71 Jewish-owned businesses in the city were sealed and confiscated.

II
12 May – 16 June 1944 — The Kiskunfélegyháza Ghetto

Ghettoization

The ghetto was established in the city's Bercsényi Street — the very street where both the Orthodox and Neolog synagogues stood, and where most of the Jewish population already lived. The designated area encompassed Bercsényi Street, the Rákóczi Street side facing it, and houses on Deák Ferenc and Andrássy Streets with exits onto Bercsényi.

On 12 May 1944, Dr. László Endre — the rabidly antisemitic Deputy Lord Lieutenant of the county — ordered ghettos established throughout his district. The Kiskunfélegyháza ghetto was established in the city center, along streets near the municipal building, close to the Orthodox synagogue. On 17 May 1944, before the Jews entered the ghetto, Mayor Dr. Károly Pálos appointed the Jewish Council on the recommendation of the two community presidents — Dezső Léderer (Neolog) and Ignác Prezent (Orthodox). Order within the ghetto was maintained by Jewish police.

107 non-Jewish families were relocated to make room; in their place, 230 Jewish families — 985 people in total — were moved in, beginning at 5 a.m. on 22 May 1944. The area was boarded up on all sides, with a single entrance from Kossuth Street. The walls were constructed by the Jews themselves. Outside, gendarmes from Kiskunhalas — brought in deliberately so they would have no prior acquaintance with the residents — guarded the perimeter under the command of the notorious Márton Zöldi, who was observed at all times carrying a whip, which he cracked constantly.

Inside, conditions were desperate. Two or three families crowded into a single room. At night, hooligans smashed windows, shouted antisemitic slurs, and painted swastikas on the walls. No medical supplies were provided. One couple reportedly took poison and died within the ghetto. The ghetto also maintained a makeshift hospital in one apartment, tended by two Jewish nurses. Every radio had been confiscated, yet some residents risked listening clandestinely to English-language broadcasts. At one point, the ghetto boundary was moved inward overnight without warning, forcing families to relocate again in the dark — leaving the Orthodox synagogue outside the perimeter.

Amid the horror, small acts of humanity persisted. A local woman, Csenki Ferencné, hid an elderly Jewish couple overnight before they voluntarily returned. A photographer named Gettler Sándorné arranged for a double-bottomed crate to be brought to her daily, concealing dairy products and other food beneath the official contents. Three nuns — Klarencia, Blandina, and Emma — cooked large pots of soup every day or two and pushed them on a small cart to the ghetto wall, removing a plank on the Rákóczi Street side to ladle the soup through to those inside. No one reprimanded them, though it was against the rules.

III
15 June 1944 — The Deportation March

The March Down Kossuth Street

On the morning of 15 June 1944, trucks arrived. Those who could not walk — the elderly and infirm — were loaded onto the vehicles. The rest were marched on foot down Kossuth Street toward the railway station, amid weeping and wailing. Anyone who resisted was beaten with rubber clubs. The city's population had gathered on the main street; they were warned that anyone who approached or showed sympathy would themselves be taken away. Most watched from the opposite pavement. Some survivors later recalled that a small number spat at the marchers and hurled insults; the majority, however, showed sympathy.

On that morning, Márton Zöldi launched a savage public attack on Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman, the Chief Rabbi — beating him repeatedly and tearing out his beard. Multiple eyewitnesses later testified that the elderly rabbi was covered in blood.

The procession was halted at the Kossuth ("White") School, where the deportees were counted, their remaining valuables seized, and they were subjected to further humiliation. Women — including an eight-year-old girl and elderly women — were subjected to intimate body searches by midwives acting under duress. One midwife was heard to say: "It's terrible what I have to do to you… please don't be angry with me." The final count recorded 269 men, 341 women, and 373 children taken from the city.

Deportation Route — Kiskunfélegyháza → Kecskemét → Auschwitz
15 June 1944 — Marched from ghetto to railway station, Kiskunfélegyháza 16 June 1944 — Arrived Kecskemét brickyard transit camp 25 June 1944 — Deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau
SOURCES: Kun Zsuzsanna, Belvedere 2005, pp. 73–74 · Survivor testimonies cited therein
IV
16–20 June 1944 — Kecskemét: The Copper Match Factory

The Regional Deportation Center

Kecskemét itself had a Jewish community of 1,346 Jews (1941 census) — Neolog (1,100 souls) and Orthodox (198 souls). When German forces entered the city on 19 March 1944, they immediately arrested 30 Jewish notables, imprisoned them at the Kistarcsa detention camp, and deported them to Auschwitz. Mayor Dr. Béla Liszka established the Kecskemét ghetto in the Orthodox synagogue and surrounding buildings, in barracks, and in the copper match factory on the outskirts of the city — ordered Orthodox, Neolog, and converted Jews separated from one another. A Jewish Council of 8 members was established, headed by Dezső Schönberger. The move into the ghetto began 30 May 1944 at 6 a.m., with only 2 square metres of living space per person.

On 16 June 1944 — the same day the Jews of Kiskunfélegyháza arrived — most Kecskemét ghetto residents were also transferred to the copper match factory, which now served as the regional deportation center. Before the transfer, Hungarian gendarmes forced all Jews to assemble in the square in front of the municipal building, strip naked, and stand while gendarmes searched their bodies and belongings for hidden valuables. Dr. Schönberger resigned his position before this transfer.

Between 16 and 20 June 1944, Jews from ghettos across Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun, Csongrád, and Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok counties were funneled into the copper match factory. More than 5,400 Jews — including the 985 from Kiskunfélegyháza — were held there on the bare factory floor, without the possibility of washing, awaiting deportation east.

Before the second transport departed, approximately 70 people poisoned themselves — most died.

SOURCES: Yad Vashem Ghettos Encyclopedia, entry #974 (Kecskemét) · Kun Zsuzsanna, Belvedere 2005, p. 74 · BKMÖL.IV.1910 15866/1944, cited in Dokumentumok a zsidóság üldöztetésének történetéhez, Budapest 1994, p. 46
V
25 & 27 June 1944 — Auschwitz-Birkenau

Deportation to Auschwitz

The Jews of Kiskunfélegyháza were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau together with approximately 5,000 other Jews from the region, in two transports departing on 25 and 27 June 1944. Upon arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau, approximately 90% were sent directly to the gas chambers. This included Reb Ahron Mordechai Lieberman זצ"ל הי"ד and his wife Rebbetzin Frumit, whose shared yahrzeit is י' תמוז תש"ד. His daughter Rochel Leah הי"ד and her husband Rav Yom Tov Lipa Weinberger and their four children were also murdered. His daughter Esther הי"ד was likewise killed. His son R' Shlomo הי"ד was murdered on the way to Auschwitz.

Of the Jews deported from Kiskunfélegyháza, only 97 returned. Those who came back found their homes occupied and their belongings taken. Most eventually left the city. A survivor later said: "I am no longer a whole person… I always return to this."

After the War · Memory

Memorial & Remembrance

On 8 November 1946, a city councillor rose at a meeting of the Kiskunfélegyháza municipal council and proposed: "Bercsényi Street — since it was from that street that the deported local Jews began their final and fateful journey — should be renamed the Street of the 1944 Martyrs." The council accepted the proposal. The street where both synagogues stood, where the ghetto was established, where Reb Ahron Mordechai's kehilla had prayed and lived for generations, now bears that name.

Memorial plaques were placed at the cultural center, at the Jewish cemetery, on the wall of the building where the final humiliations took place, and at the Móra Ferenc Gymnasium listing the Jewish martyrs alongside the school's other war dead. A private plaque at Damjanich utca 6 was commissioned by Kalmár Endre for his family — he took his own life shortly after, unable to bear being left alone.

יזכור אלהים נשמות קדושים ועברים שנהרגו ונשרפו ונטבחו על קידוש השם

May God remember the holy and pure souls who were killed, burned, and slaughtered in sanctification of His Name

הי"ד